Ocean Reef WA 6027

Located in Western Australia, Ocean Reef sits 29 km from Perth CBD, around 26 minutes by car. The suburb has 8,125 residents, a median age of 44, and a median household income of $128,960 per year. By household income, education, and employment patterns, it ranks in the top 20% nationally. The suburb grew 3.6% between 2016 and 2021. At the 2021 Census, households here paid a median rent of $525 per week and a median monthly mortgage of $2,253. Ocean Reef is characterised by high bushfire risk and no recorded flood exposure. 5 schools sit within the suburb boundary, and walkability is high.

Is Ocean Reef a good suburb?

Ocean Reef scores a B (56/100) on SuburbScan's Liveability grade — strong on transit and community, weaker on schools and safety.

Schools

Below the state average

5 schools · Bottom 4% in WA

Transit

Very walkable

Walkability 81/100 · 28.6 km · 26 min drive to Perth

Prices

Median available

Median $1.51M

Safety

High bushfire risk

Fire 83/100 · Crime 32/100 · Flood 0/100

Community

Very advantaged

SEIFA decile 10/10 · median age 44 · 8,125 residents

B

Liveability Rating

56 / 100 · Ranked #193 in WA

Each bar is Ocean Reef's rank among WA suburbs, from 0 to 100 (higher is better).

Schools quality
17
Few above similar
Bottom 4% in WA
Safety
44
Bushfire High · Crime Low · Flood None
Socio-economic
88
Very advantaged
Walkability
86
Very walkable
CBD access
61
28.6 km · 26 min drive to Perth
How it's calculated: Schools rank 17 × 25% + Safety rank 44 × 25% + Socio-economic rank 88 × 25% + Walkability rank 86 × 15% + CBD access rank 61 × 10% = 56 / 100. Missing components rebalance the remaining weights.
Additional risks: Coastal erosion Moderate

How do you rate the liveability in Ocean Reef?

Local knowledge beats any dataset. Rate it and see what other residents think.

Our score

56 / 100

From schools, safety and socio-economic data — not opinion.

Residents say

…

AwfulPoorAverageGoodGreat
What applies here? (optional)

One rating per person. You can change yours at any time.

Median House Price

Public listings data

Ocean Reef's house market is moving higher: the median sale price reached $1.51 million, roughly 17% above where it sat a year earlier.

Houses

$1,507,500

last 7 quarters

39% above its 6 neighbours (median $1,085,000)

↑ +16.9% year-on-year

Based on 116 recorded sales in the last 24 months.

Typically sold in 15 days — median across 63 sales that recorded a listing period

By bedrooms

  • 3 bed 16 sales $1.3M
  • 4 bed 63 sales $1.5M
  • 5 bed 26 sales $1.68M
  • 6 bed 10 sales $1.75M

Land

$967,500

↑ +24.6% year-on-year

Based on only 7 sales — small sample, take as indicative.

Typically sold in 38 days — median across 4 sales that recorded a listing period

Currently for Sale

Last 6 months

Houses in Ocean Reef are currently listed at around $1.5 million on average. Based on 9 houses listed in the past six months.

$1.5M

last 2 months
Since 2022: $892K → $1.26M (+41%)

9 houses listed in the last 6 months.

9 of the suburb's 2,703 dwellings (0.3%) were listed for sale in the last 6 months.

Rental Market

Advertised rents · last 6 months

Houses in Ocean Reef rent for around $1,200 a week on average, based on 16 houses listed for rent in the past six months.

$1,200/wk

last 3 months

50% above its 4 neighbours (median $800/wk)

↑ +9.1% vs previous 6 months from $1,100/wk
Since 2021: $642/wk → $1,150/wk (+79%)

16 houses advertised for rent in the last 6 months.

16 rentals advertised against an estimated 332 rented homes (4.8%) in the last 6 months.

Rent agreed on new leases

Jul–Sep 2026
All rentals
$1,100/wk
19 bonds
+28% since 2023

Median weekly rent on bonds lodged for new tenancies. WA's bond data does not record bedrooms or dwelling type, so it covers all rentals together.Change since 2023 compares the median of the first four quarters with the last four. Asking rents above come from advertised listings.

Rental affordability

June quarter 2025

91 Unaffordable · the average rental household in this region would pay about 33% of its income on the median rent in postcode 6027.

SGS Rental Affordability Index: a score of 100 means rent takes 30% of income, the usual housing-stress line; lower scores are less affordable. "Region" is the capital city or the rest of the state.

Gross rental yield

Indicative
House
4.2% above the typical range

$1,200/week ($62,000 a year) on a $1.5 million median

Gross yield — before strata, rates, management, insurance and vacancy. Calculated from median advertised rents and median asking prices over the last 6 months. How we calculate.

Short-Stay Rentals

18 active Airbnb listings: 18 whole homes and 0 rooms. Whole homes are about 0.6% of the suburb's homes.

Airbnb only, as at Jun 2026; other platforms are not included. Active means reviewed in the past 12 months. The share is against private dwellings at the 2021 Census.

Coastal Erosion

86
monitoring points
within 5 km
59
actively eroding
> 0.1 m/yr retreat
-0.54
worst rate (m/yr)
Significant
848 m
nearest coastline
monitoring point

Shoreline Change Summary

1988–2025
Stable or accreting 37 (43%)
Moderate erosion (0.1–0.3 m/yr) 34 (40%)
Significant erosion (> 0.3 m/yr) 15 (17%)

Nearest Eroding Coastline

Distance
848 m
Rate
-0.41 m/yr
Net Movement
-20.4 m
Certainty
good

Data Quality

High certainty: 86 of 86 points (100%)

Schools

Five schools serve Ocean Reef, and the cohort is trailing peer-suburb performance.

38
out of 100
Weak
5 schools in this suburb
3 at similar · 2 below similar
  • • 3,734 students across 5 schools (avg 747)
  • • Sectors: 3 Government, 2 Catholic
  • • ICSEA 1043-1086, median 1070 (above the national baseline of 1000)
  • • Largest: Ocean Reef Senior High School (1,353 students)

Primary

Government · K-6 · 516 students
ICSEA 1070 (higher than 75% of Australian schools) · 26% top-SEA students
At similar
Government · K-6 · 192 students
ICSEA 1043 (higher than 66% of Australian schools) · 14% top-SEA students
Below similar
Catholic · PP-6 · 587 students
ICSEA 1086 (higher than 80% of Australian schools) · 31% top-SEA students
Below similar

Secondary

Government · 7-12 · 1,353 students
ICSEA 1055 (higher than 70% of Australian schools) · 20% top-SEA students
At similar
Catholic · 7-12 · 1,086 students
ICSEA 1073 (higher than 76% of Australian schools) · 25% top-SEA students
At similar

Universities nearby

2.6% of residents here are full-time university students aged 15–24.

Distance is measured to the suburb centre. A campus nearby does not by itself mean a student rental market — most suburbs within a few kilometres of one have a student share close to the national norm, and the figure above is what tells them apart.

Walkability

Ocean Reef is very walkable on foot — at 81/100, most daily errands can be done on foot.

81
out of 100
Very Walkable
Top 5% in WA
Public Transport within 1 km 72
Schools within 1.5 km 100
Parks within 800 m 100
Supermarkets within 1 km 60
GPs within 1 km 80
Pharmacies within 1 km 80
Childcare within 1 km 100
Hospitals within 5 km 60

Public transport

Weekday and weekend service frequency across every stop inside Ocean Reef.

79
out of 100
Bus
Peak (7-9am + 5-7pm)
123.8 arrivals/hr
Off-peak weekday
62.8 arrivals/hr
Saturday
16.9 arrivals/hr
Median peak wait
0 min
Span of service
18.7 hours

Scheduled service only, based on the 21 October 2026 timetable. Reliability (delays, cancellations) not measured.

NBN connectivity

The internet access technology available across NBN premises in Ocean Reef.

75
connectivity score / 100
Top 13% in WA
Most common
Hybrid fibre-coaxial (cable)
Full-fibre (FTTP) share
0%
Premises covered
3,017
Technology mix
Hybrid fibre-coaxial (cable) (HFC) 100%
Fibre to the premises (FTTP) 0%

NBN Co fixed-line and fixed-wireless premises, as at 30 December 2025. Higher-quality technologies (full fibre) score above copper, wireless, and satellite. Actual speeds depend on your plan.

Amenities

Supermarkets
1 in suburb
Shopping Centres
None
Cafes & Restaurants
1 in suburb
Parks & Reserves
9 in suburb
Sport & Recreation
1 in suburb
Beaches
None
Waterways
None
Childcare
6 in suburb
GPs
3 in suburb
Pharmacies
2 in suburb
Hospitals
None
Police Stations
None
Banks & Bank@Post
1 in suburb
Fuel Stations
2 in suburb
EV Chargers
None
Pubs & Bars
None
Arts & Culture
None
Places of Worship
None

Joondalup: council population

The whole council area, not just Ocean Reef · estimated residents
at 30 June 2025
Residents
176,595
+1.4% in a year
Change
+2,441
people since 2024
Density
1,785
people per km² across the council area
What drove the change
Natural increase
+683
births minus deaths
Net internal migration
-641
moves within Australia
Net overseas migration
+2,399
arrivals minus departures

The three add up to the change above. These are council-wide figures from the ABS, not figures for this suburb alone — this suburb's own population is in the census section above.

Socio-economic profile

ABS SEIFA · ranked against every suburb in Australia, and within the state
2021 census
Advantage and disadvantage
10/10
10/10 within WA
income, education, jobs and housing together
Economic resources
10/10
10/10 within WA
income against housing cost and household size
Education and occupation
8/10
8/10 within WA
qualifications and job type, income excluded
How evenly that is spread

The ABS scores 22 small areas inside this suburb and averages them into the single decile above. They fall into 5 different deciles — a wide range, so parts of this suburb rank well above the average and parts well below it.

Ocean Reef is home to about 8,100 residents, with a median age of 44, a touch above the national 38. Median household income runs at $129,000 a year, with unemployment at 4.0%.

2021 Census · change since 2016

Population

8,125

3.6% since 2016

Median Age

44

4.8% since 2016

Median Household Income

$128,960/yr

10.5% since 2016
Top 9% in WA

Census Median Rent

$525/wk

2.9% since 2016

Census Median Mortgage

$2,253/mo

2.4% since 2016

Avg Household Size

2.9

3.3% since 2016

Median Personal Income

$47,112/yr

19.2% since 2016

Unemployment Rate

4.0%

42.0% since 2016

Unoccupied Dwellings

5.1%

37.8% since 2016

Total Dwellings

2,703

4.8% since 2016

Owner-Occupier Rate

87.7%

1.2% since 2016

Houses

95.8%

0.2% since 2016

Rental Stress

21.2%

6.6% since 2016

Mortgage Stress

21.0%

7.1% since 2016

Work From Home

12.2%

106.8% since 2016

Dwelling Types

Houses 2,589 (95.8%)
Townhouses 107 (4.0%)
Flats / Apartments 7 (0.3%)

Property Ownership

Mortgage 1,211 (45.6%)
Owned Outright 1,119 (42.1%)
Renting 326 (12.3%)

Demographics

Born in Australia
53.3%
English Spoken at Home
86.1%
Employment Rate
64.3%
no change since 2016
Completed Year 12
51.0%

Occupations

Professionals 1,027 (23.8%)
Managers 651 (15.1%)
Technicians & Trades 645 (15.0%)
Clerical & Administrative 580 (13.5%)
Community & Personal Service 493 (11.4%)
Sales 375 (8.7%)
Labourers 306 (7.1%)
Machinery Operators & Drivers 167 (3.9%)

Religion

Christianity 4,047 (49.8%)
No Religion 3,342 (41.1%)
Buddhism 107 (1.3%)
Hinduism 81 (1.0%)
Islam 41 (0.5%)
Other Religions 23 (0.3%)
Judaism 7 (0.1%)
Sikhism 3 (0.0%)

Country of Birth (overseas)

Largest overseas birthplaces, as a share of all residents.

England 1,461 (18.0%)
South Africa 366 (4.5%)
Scotland 207 (2.5%)
New Zealand 206 (2.5%)
Ireland 134 (1.6%)
Zimbabwe 75 (0.9%)
Malaysia 67 (0.8%)
Italy 57 (0.7%)

When They Arrived

Share of all residents by the year they arrived in Australia. Periods cover different numbers of years, so compare the shape rather than the bar widths.

2016-2021 272 (3.3%)
2011-2015 406 (5.0%)
2001-2010 978 (12.0%)
1991-2000 526 (6.5%)
1981-1990 647 (8.0%)
Before 1981 655 (8.1%)

272 residents (3.3%) arrived since 2016. Australia’s borders were closed to most arrivals from March 2020, so the last two years of that period are much smaller than the ones before them — nationally 260,799 people arrived in 2019 against 28,521 in 2021.

Where New Residents Came From

Where residents aged five and over lived five years before the 2021 Census, for those who lived somewhere else.

Overseas 335 (4.3%)
Perth - North East 64 (0.8%)
Perth - South East 38 (0.5%)

Top places newcomers came from, as a share of the 7,798 residents aged five and over. Areas are ABS statistical regions. Small counts are approximate: the ABS adjusts every figure slightly to protect privacy.

Languages Spoken at Home

Top languages other than English, as a share of all residents.

Italian 33 (0.4%)
Cantonese 28 (0.3%)
French 25 (0.3%)
Spanish 23 (0.3%)
German 23 (0.3%)
Mandarin 22 (0.3%)
Polish 21 (0.3%)
Vietnamese 20 (0.2%)

Age Distribution

0-4 327 (4.0%)
5-14 1,090 (13.4%)
15-19 614 (7.6%)
20-24 503 (6.2%)
25-34 629 (7.7%)
35-44 932 (11.5%)
45-54 1,295 (15.9%)
55-64 1,258 (15.5%)
65-74 992 (12.2%)
75-84 358 (4.4%)
85+ 118 (1.5%)

Family & Household Composition

Couple Families 1,225 (66.0%)
Lone Person 335 (18.0%)
One Parent Families 237 (12.8%)
Group Household 48 (2.6%)
Other Families 11 (0.6%)

Commute to Work

Car (driver) 2,595 (72.5%)
Worked from Home 435 (12.2%)
Train 294 (8.2%)
Car (passenger) 170 (4.7%)
Bus 39 (1.1%)
Walked Only 36 (1.0%)
Bicycle 11 (0.3%)

19% of employed residents work in a capital's city centre (810 of 4,308).

City centre: the ABS area around each capital's CBD, such as Sydney Inner City or Perth City (which takes in Subiaco and Leederville). 2021 Census place of work.

Local Jobs

People who work in this suburb against employed people who live here, 2021 Census.

About 1,563 people work here; 4,308 employed residents live here.

Mostly a place people commute from: 0.4 jobs per working resident. At least 64% of employed residents must work outside the suburb.

Counts are by place of work and place of usual residence. The ABS counts jobs in zones; where a zone spans several places, its jobs are shared out by land use. The ABS also adjusts every figure slightly to protect privacy.

Education

Certificate III & IV 1,254 (15.4%)
Bachelor Degree 1,231 (15.2%)
Advanced Diploma / Diploma 788 (9.7%)
Postgraduate Degree 347 (4.3%)
Graduate Diploma / Certificate 164 (2.0%)

Cars per Dwelling

0 cars 36 (1.3%)
1 car 584 (21.8%)
2 cars 1,201 (44.9%)
3 cars 529 (19.8%)
4+ cars 323 (12.1%)

Council Rates

Joondalup
FY 2023-24

Households face an average residential rates bill of $1,782 a year through Joondalup based on 2023 figures.

Avg residential rate
$1,782/yr
Valuation basis
Gross Rental Value / Unimproved Value
GRV for urban, UV for rural/mining

Building Approvals: Joondalup

The whole council area, not just Ocean Reef · new residential dwellings
to 2026-08

In the year to August 2026, 463 new dwellings were approved across Joondalup. That mix is 390 houses and 73 units. Approvals are up 52.6% on the same period a year earlier.

Trailing 12 months
463dwellings
+52.6% YoY
Houses
390
detached dwellings
Units
73
townhouses + apartments

Climate & Setting

from Swanbourne, 22.1 km

Moderate rainfall — hot summers, mild winters.

Elevation
35 m
above sea level, at the suburb centre
Distance to the ocean
805 m
Annual rainfall
716 mm
80 rainy days
Summer max (Jan)
29.8°C
22 days ≥ 35°C
Winter min (Jul)
10.4°C
0 frost days ≤ 0°C

Elevation is the ground at the suburb centre, from Geoscience Australia's National Digital Elevation Model. Approximate — it reads high in dense built-up areas. It is a measure of height above sea level and not an indicator of flood risk, which depends on height above nearby waterways.

Industrial Emissions Nearby

4 facilities within 5 km

EV adoption

1.1%
of light vehicles are electric
Up from 0.06% in 2021
+0.4 points this year
Top 19% in WA

In postcode 6027, 405 of 35,738 registered light vehicles are battery-electric on 31 January 2025. A further 2.5% (894 vehicles) are hybrid or plug-in hybrid, taking the non-petrol, non-diesel share to 3.6%.

Electric share, year by year
2021
0.06%
2022
0.14%
2023
0.30%
2024
0.69%
2025
1.13%

Rooftop solar

61
systems per 100 dwellings
Averaging 5.2 kW each

In postcode 6027, 10,192 rooftop-solar systems totalling 53.4 MW have been installed since 2001, against 16,738 dwellings recorded in the 2021 Census. 496 went up in the last year.

Counts every system certified since 2001, so a roof re-fitted with a newer system is counted twice, and small commercial systems are included alongside houses — useful for comparing postcodes, not an estimate of how many homes have working panels today.

Systems installed, year by year
2019
643
2020
891
2021
784
2022
659
2023
530
2024
461
2025
447
2026
342

2026 covers part of the year only, to 2026-07.

First Home Owner Grant

FY2026-27

$10,000 for new homes priced up to $800,000.

Cap is $800,000 SOUTH of the 26th parallel (which includes all of metropolitan Perth) and $1,000,000 NORTH of it. We store the southern figure because that is where almost every buyer is; the northern cap is higher, so the stored value never overstates eligibility. The southern cap rose from $750,000 on 7 May 2026 in the 2026-27 Housing Taxation Package. The same package moved the first home owner RATE OF DUTY thresholds, which is a different scheme and lives in the web repo's app/stamp_duty.py.

Verify eligibility with Department of Finance WA

Mortgage repayments

I'm looking for
Deposit
$
%
Monthly repayment
$7,862
Loan amount
$1,206,000
Total interest over 30 years
$1,624,398

2 mortgage brokers are registered in this suburb, 26 across postcode 6027.

Deposit
$301,500
Stamp duty
$68,752
Cash needed at settlement
$370,252

Transfer duty at the owner-occupier rate, and it excludes first home buyer concessions — those can cut it substantially or remove it entirely. Excludes legal, inspection and lender fees. Check with RevenueWA

The First Home Owner Grant applies to newly built homes only, so it isn't available on an established purchase. A first home buyer building or buying new under $800,000 may qualify for $10,000 — see what qualifies with Department of Finance WA.

Principal and interest over 30 years, fixed rate. Excludes fees, offset, redraw and LMI. Default rate is the median comparison rate across 1788 advertised products as at 2026-10-27 — indicative only, and not an offer. Your rate depends on the lender, your deposit and your circumstances. Not financial advice.

Federal Electorate

Division of Moore

Currently held by Tom French Australian Labor Party

Year Winner 2PP ALP 2PP LNP Swing
2025 Tom French 52.9% 47.1% +3.8
2022 Ian Goodenough 49.3% 50.7% -11.0
2019 Ian Goodenough 38.4% 61.6% +0.6

Results are per division — federal electoral boundaries are redrawn periodically, so the history reflects this division's past, not necessarily the exact suburb's voters across time.

State Electorate

Joondalup District

Currently held by Emily Hamilton WA Labor

Next state election: 10 March 2029.

Year Winner Won with
2025 Emily Hamilton ALP 56.3%
2021 Emily Hamilton ALP 74.7%
2017 Emily Hamilton ALP 50.6%

Results are per district. Districts were last redrawn in 2023, so results from before then describe the district of that name, not necessarily this suburb's voters. Results: Western Australian Electoral Commission.

Looking at a specific address in Ocean Reef?

Every figure above is a suburb average, and an average smooths over the difference between a street of family homes and a block of flats. Look up one address and you get the census for the few hundred people around it, its own nearest schools and stops, and what the state has mapped for that block.

Free to look up. Subscribers see every section in full — $29/month.

Featured in

Checking the whole city?

Suburbs to avoid in Perth There is no list of bad suburbs, but there are hazards the state measures and publishes — recorded crime, bushfire exposure, flood overlays and aircraft noise. Perth suburbs ranked on them, with what the numbers do and don't mean.

Nearby suburbs

Compare Ocean Reef to another suburb

Side-by-side stats for any other WA suburb — type a name and pick one.

Or jump straight to a nearby comparison:

Common questions about Ocean Reef

Is Ocean Reef a safe place to live?

Recorded crime in Ocean Reef is low (32/100, ranked against other WA suburbs on offences per resident).

What natural hazards affect Ocean Reef?

Ocean Reef has a high recorded bushfire history (83/100, ranked against every Australian suburb with any fire history). No mapped flood overlay applies. These are suburb-wide figures; check the address, as flood and bushfire exposure change street by street.

Is Ocean Reef a good place to live?

Ocean Reef has a SuburbScan Liveability grade of B (56/100), ranked against other WA suburbs on school quality (25%), safety (25%), SEIFA socio-economic advantage (25%), walkability (15%) and CBD access (10%). Whether it suits you depends on what you weigh — each of those is on this page.

What is the population of Ocean Reef?

Ocean Reef, WA had a population of 8,125 at the 2021 Australian Bureau of Statistics census.

What is the postcode for Ocean Reef, WA?

The postcode for Ocean Reef, WA is 6027.

How far is Ocean Reef from Perth?

Ocean Reef is 29 km from Perth CBD by road, about 26 minutes by car in normal traffic. Distance is the most-direct driving route, not straight-line.

What is the median household income in Ocean Reef?

At the 2021 ABS Census, median household income in Ocean Reef was $128,960 a year. It is the most recent suburb-level income figure until 2026 Census results are released in 2027.

What is the median weekly rent in Ocean Reef?

The median advertised rent in Ocean Reef is $1,200 a week for houses (16 listings), from rental listings over the last six months.

What is the median age in Ocean Reef?

The median age of residents in Ocean Reef was 44 at the 2021 ABS Census.

Is Ocean Reef at risk of bushfire?

Ocean Reef has a high recorded bushfire history (83/100). The score comes from Geoscience Australia's historical bushfire boundaries, with planned burns excluded: the area of recorded fires touching the suburb relative to its size, ranked against every Australian suburb with any fire history. It records where fire has burned, not a bushfire-prone land designation, which your council's planning scheme sets.

How are the schools in Ocean Reef?

There are 5 schools inside the Ocean Reef boundary: 3 at and 2 below similar schools on NAPLAN, compared with same-state, same-type schools of similar socio-educational advantage (ICSEA).

Is Ocean Reef walkable?

Ocean Reef scores 81/100 on the SuburbScan Walkability Score, making it very walkable. The score is a weighted average of public transport, schools, parks, supermarkets, GPs, pharmacies, childcare, and hospitals within walking distance.

What is the weather like in Ocean Reef?

At the nearest Bureau of Meteorology station to Ocean Reef, Swanbourne (22.1 km away), summer days average 29.8°C, winter nights 10.4°C, 716 mm of rain a year over 80 rainy days, and 22 days a year above 35°C over 2006-2026.

Is the First Home Owner Grant available in Ocean Reef?

First-home buyers in WA may be eligible for $10,000 towards new homes with a purchase price up to $800,000. The grant is administered by Department of Finance WA; confirm current eligibility before signing a contract — state rules and amounts can change.

What council does Ocean Reef belong to?

Ocean Reef sits within the Joondalup local government area. Council rates, planning approvals, and waste collection fall under this LGA.

How much are council rates in Ocean Reef?

The average residential rates bill through Joondalup is $1,782 a year (2023). Every suburb in this LGA shares the same schedule — individual bills vary with land value.

How much is being built near Ocean Reef?

Across Joondalup, 463 new residential dwellings were approved in the year to August 2026 (source: ABS Building Approvals). That's up 52.6% on the same period a year earlier. These are LGA-level totals — every suburb in the council shares the same figure.

Which federal electorate is Ocean Reef in?

Ocean Reef sits within the federal Division of Moore, currently held by Tom French (Australian Labor Party).

Search another suburb or address

Data freshness

Vintages show when each source's data is from. See all data sources.

Was the information on this page useful to you?

Information shown is provided as-is from Australian government and commercial data sources.
Always verify with the relevant authority before making property decisions.
See Data Sources and How We Calculate for details.

Save this page for later

We'll email you a link to this page so you can finish reading it on any device. We use your address once to send it and don't keep it.

or